Elliptic Curve Cryptography Key Generation

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Elliptic Curve Cryptography Key Exchange
Elliptical Curve Cryptography Key Generation
Elliptic Curve Cryptography Vs Rsa
Elliptic Curve Cryptography Key Generation 2

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Oct 24, 2013 CloudFlare uses elliptic curve cryptography to provide perfect forward secrecy which is essential for online privacy. First generation cryptographic algorithms like RSA and Diffie-Hellman are still the norm in most arenas, but elliptic curve cryptography is quickly becoming the go-to solution for privacy and security online. Feb 13, 2019 It was discovered by Victor Miller of IBM and Neil Koblitz of the University of Washington in the year 1985. ECC popularly used an acronym for Elliptic Curve Cryptography. It is based on the latest mathematics and delivers a relatively more secure foundation than the first generation public key cryptography systems for example RSA. Elliptic Curves. Oct 14, 2015 John Wagnon discusses the basics and benefits of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) in this episode of Lightboard Lessons. Check out this article on DevCentra.

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Science & TechnologySoftware & CodingEducationGeneral Topics

Elliptic curve cryptography is used to implement public key cryptography. It was discovered by Victor Miller of IBM and Neil Koblitz of the University of Washington in the year 1985. ECC popularly used an acronym for Elliptic Curve Cryptography. It is based on the latest mathematics and delivers a relatively more secure foundation than the first generation public key cryptography systems for example RSA.

Elliptic Curves

In 1985, cryptographic algorithms were proposed based on elliptic curves. An elliptic curve is the set of points that satisfy a specific mathematical equation. They are symmetrical.

Uses

Websites make extensive use of ECC to secure customers’ hypertext transfer protocol connections.
It is used for encryption by combining the key agreement with a symmetric encryption scheme.

It is also used in several integer factorization algorithms like Lenstra elliptic-curve factorization.
Time stamping uses an encryption model called a blind signature scheme. It is possible using Elliptic Curve Cryptography.

Introduction

This document describes the configuration of Next Generation Encryption (NGE) from Cisco Unified Communications Manager (CUCM) 11.0 and later to meet the enhanced security and performance requirements.

Prerequisites

Requirements

Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:

- Dennis, Durango, CO'Allbrands was recommended to me; I in turn recommended Allbrands to all my friends.' Brother stitch express key generator online.

Cisco CallManager security basics
Cisco CallManager certificate management

Components Used

The information in this document is based on Cisco CUCM 11.0, where Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) certificates are only supported for CallManager (CallManager-ECDSA).

Note: CUCM 11.5 and later supports tomcat-ECDSA certificates as well.

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

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Background Information

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. One of the main benefits in comparison with non-ECC cryptography is the same level of security provided by keys of smaller size.

Common Criteria (CC) provides assurance that security features operate correctly within the solution being evaluated. This is achieved through testing and meeting extensive documentation requirements.

It is accepted and supported by 26 countries worldwide via Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement (CCRA).

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 11.0 supports Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) certificates.

These certificates are stronger than the RSA-based certificates and are required for products that have CC certifications. The US government Commercial Solutions for Classified Systems (CSfC) program requires the CC certification and so, it is included in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 11.0 and later.

The ECDSA certificates are available along with the existing RSA certificates in these areas:

Certificate Management
Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF)
Transport Layer Security (TLS) Tracing
Secure Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Connections
Computer Telephony Integration (CTI) Manager
HTTP
Entropy

The next sections provide more detailed information on each of these seven areas.

Certificate Management

Generate Certificates with Elliptical Curve Encryption

Support for ECC from CUCM 11.0 and later to generate CallManager certificate with Elliptical Curve (EC) encryption:

The new option CallManager-ECDSA is available as shown in the image.
It requires the host portion of the common name to end in –EC. This prevents having the same common name as the CallManager certificate.
In case of Multi Server SAN certificate, this must end in –EC-ms.
Both the self-signed certificate request and the CSR request limit the hash algorithm choices depending on the EC key size.
For an EC 256 key size the hash algorithm can be SHA256, SHA384, or SHA512. For an EC 384 key size the hash algorithm can be SHA384 or SHA512. For an EC 521 key size the only option is SHA512.
The default key size is 384 and default hashing algorithm is SHA384, which can be changed. The options available are based on the chosen key size.

CLI Configuration

A new certificate unit named CallManager-ECDSA has been added for the CLI commands

set cert regen [unit] – regenerates self-signed certificate
set cert import own trust [unit] – imports CA signed certificate
set csr gen [unit] – generates certificate signing request(CSR) for specified unit
set bulk export consolidate import tftp – When tftp is the unit name, CallManager-ECDSA certificates get auto-included with CallManager RSA certificates in bulk operations.

CTL and ITL Files

Both Certificate Trust List (CTL) and Identify Trust List (ITL) files have CallManager-ECDSA present.
The CallManager-ECDSA certificate have the Function of CCM+TFTP in both the ITL and CTL file.
You can use the show ctl or show itl command to view this information as shown in this image:
You can use the utils ctl update command to generate the CTL file.

Certificate Authority Proxy Function

The Certificate Authority Proxy Function (CAPF) Version 3.0 in CUCM 11 provides support for EC Key Sizes along with RSA.
The additional CAPF options provided in addition to the existing CAPF fields are Key Order and EC Key Size (bits).
The existing Key Size (bits) option has been changed to RSA Key Size (bits).
The Key Order provides support for RSA Only, EC Only and EC Preferred, RSA backup options.
The EC Key Size provides support for key sizes of 256, 384, and 521 bits.
The RSA Key Size provides support for 512, 1024, and 2048 bits.
When Key Order of RSA Only is selected, only RSA Key Size can be selected. When EC only is selected, only EC Key Size can be selected. When EC Preferred, RSA backup is selected, both RSA and EC Key Size can be selected.

Note: Currently no Cisco endpoint supports CAPF Version 3, so do not select the EC Only option. However, administrators who want to support ECDSA Locally Significant Certificates (LSCs) later can configure their devices with the EC Preferred RSA Backup option. When the endpoints begin to support CAPF Version 3 for ECDSA LSCs, the administrators need to reinstall their LSC.

Additional CAPF options for Phone, Phone Security Profile, End User, and Application User Pages are shown here:

Elliptic Curve Cryptography Key Exchange

Device > Phone > Related Links

Navigate to System > Security > Phone security profile

User Management > User Settings > Application User CAPF Profile

Navigate to User Management > User Settings > End User CAPF Profile.

TLS Ciphers Enterprise Parameters

The Enterprise Parameter TLS Ciphers has been updated to support ECDSA Ciphers.
The Enterprise Parameter TLS Ciphers now sets the TLS Ciphers for SIP Line, SIP Trunk, and Secure CTI Manager.

SIP ECDSA Support

Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 11.0 includes ECDSA support for SIP lines and SIP trunk interfaces.
The connection between Cisco Unified Communications Manager and an endpoint phone or video device is a SIP line connection whereas the connection between two Cisco Unified Communications Managers is a SIP trunk connection.
All SIP connections support the ECDSA ciphers and use ECDSA certificates.

Elliptical Curve Cryptography Key Generation

The Secure SIP interface was updated to support these two ciphers:

TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256

These are the scenarios when SIP makes TLS connections:

When SIP acts as a TLS server
When the SIP trunk interface of Cisco Unified Communications Manager acts as a TLS server for incoming secure SIP connection, the SIP trunk interface determines if the CallManager-ECDSA certificate exists on disk. If the certificate exists on the disk, the SIP trunk interface uses the CallManager-ECDSA certificate if the selected cipher suite is
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 or TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
When SIP acts as a TLS client
When the SIP trunk interface acts as a TLS client, the SIP trunk interface sends a list of requested cipher suites to the server based on the TLS Ciphers field (which also includes the ECDSA ciphers option) in the CUCM Enterprise Parameters The TLS Ciphers. This configuration determines the TLS client cipher suite list and the supported cipher suites in order of preference.

Notes:
- Devices that use an ECDSA cipher to make a connection to CUCM must have the CallManager-ECDSA certificate in their Identity Trust List (ITL) file.
- The SIP trunk interface support RSA TLS cipher suites for connections from clients that do not support ECDSA cipher suites or when a TLS connection is established with an earlier version of CUCM, that do not support ECDSA.

Secure CTI Manager ECDSA Support

The Secure CTI Manager interface was updated to support these four ciphers:

TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256

The Secure CTI Manager interface loads both the CallManager and CallManager-ECDSA certificate. This allows the Secure CTI Manager interface to support the new ciphers along with the existing RSA cipher.

Elliptic Curve Cryptography Vs Rsa

Similar to the SIP interface, the Enterprise Parameter TLS Ciphers option in Cisco Unified Communications Manager is used to configure the TLS ciphers that are supported on the CTI Manager secure interface.

HTTPS Support for Configuration Download

For secure configuration download (for example, Jabber clients), Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 11.0 is enhanced to support HTTPS in addition to the HTTP and TFTP interfaces that were used in the earlier releases.
If required, both client and server use mutual authentication. However, the clients that are enrolled with ECDSA LSCs and Encrypted TFTP configurations are required to present their LSC.
The HTTPS interface uses both the CallManager and the CallManager-ECDSA certificates as the server certificates.

Notes:
- When you update CallManager, CallManager ECDSA, or Tomcat certificates, you must deactivate and reactivate the TFTP service.
- Port 6971 is used for authentication of the CallManager and CallManager-ECDSA certificates, used by Phones.
- Port 6972 is used for the authentication of the Tomcat certificates, used by Jabber.

Entropy

Entropy is a measure of randomness of data and helps in determining the minimum threshold for common criteria requirements. To have strong encryption, a robust source of entropy is required. If a strong encryption algorithm, such as ECDSA, uses a weak source of entropy, the encryption can be easily broken.

In Cisco Unified Communications Manager Release 11.0, the entropy source for Cisco Unified Communications Manager is improved.