A A Randomly Generated 256-bit Binary Key

17.04.2020
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[ aws . kms ]

Description¶

Returns a random byte string that is cryptographically secure.

By default, the random byte string is generated in AWS KMS. To generate the byte string in the AWS CloudHSM cluster that is associated with a custom key store , specify the custom key store ID.

For more information about entropy and random number generation, see the AWS Key Management Service Cryptographic Details whitepaper.

See also: AWS API Documentation

See 'aws help' for descriptions of global parameters.

Synopsis¶

Options¶

--number-of-bytes (integer)

--custom-key-store-id (string)

Generates the random byte string in the AWS CloudHSM cluster that is associated with the specified custom key store . To find the ID of a custom key store, use the DescribeCustomKeyStores operation.

--cli-input-json (string)Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided. The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton. If other arguments are provided on the command line, the CLI values will override the JSON-provided values. It is not possible to pass arbitrary binary values using a JSON-provided value as the string will be taken literally.

A A Randomly Generated 256-bit Binary Key Sheet

--generate-cli-skeleton (string)Prints a JSON skeleton to standard output without sending an API request. If provided with no value or the value input, prints a sample input JSON that can be used as an argument for --cli-input-json. If provided with the value output, it validates the command inputs and returns a sample output JSON for that command.

See 'aws help' for descriptions of global parameters.

Examples¶

Example 1: To generate a 256-bit random number

The following generate-random example generates a 256-bit (32-byte) random number.

When you run this command, you must use the number-of-bytes parameter to specify the length of the random number in bytes.

You don't specify a CMK when you run this command. Unless you specify a custom key store, AWS KMS generates the random number. It is not associated with any particular CMK.

A A Randomly Generated 256-bit Binary Key

In the output, the random number is in the Plaintext field.

Example 2: To generate a 256-bit random number and save it to a file (Linux or macOs)

The following example uses the generate-random command to generate a 256-bit (32-byte), base64-encoded random byte string on a Linix or macOS computer. The example decodes the byte string and saves it in the ExampleRandom file.

When you run this command, you must use the number-of-bytes parameter to specify the length of the random number in bytes.

You don't specify a CMK when you run this command. Unless you specify a custom key store, AWS KMS generates the random number. It is not associated with any particular CMK.

  • The --number-of-bytes parameter with a value of 32 requests a 32-byte (256-bit) string.

  • The --output parameter with a value of text directs the AWS CLI to return the output as text, instead of JSON.

  • The --query parameter extracts the value of the Plaintext property from the response.

  • The pipe operator ( ) sends the output of the command to the base64 utility, which decodes the extracted output.

  • The redirection operator (>) saves the decoded byte string to the ExampleRandom file.

    aws kms generate-random --number-of-bytes 32 --output text --query Plaintext base64 --decode > ExampleRandom

This command produces no output.

Example 3: To generate a 256-bit random number and save it to a file(Windows Command Prompt)

The following example uses the generate-random command to generate a 256-bit (32-byte), base64-encoded random byte string. The example decodes the byte string and saves it in the ExampleRandom.base64 file.

This example is the same as the previous example, except that it uses the certutil utility in Windows to base64-decode the random byte string before saving it in a file.

The first command generates the base64-encoded random byte string and saves it in a temporary file, ExampleRandom.base64. The second command uses the certutil-decode command to decode the base64-encoded byte string in the ExampleRandom.base64 file. Then, it saves the decoded byte string in the ExampleRandom file.

Output:

For more information, see GenerateRandom in the AWS Key Management Service API Reference.

Output¶

Plaintext -> (blob)

The random byte string. When you use the HTTP API or the AWS CLI, the value is Base64-encoded. Otherwise, it is not Base64-encoded.

The binary log encryption keys used to encrypt the file passwords for the log files are 256-bit keys that are generated specifically for each MySQL server instance using MySQL Server's keyring service (see Section 6.4.4, “The MySQL Keyring”). The keyring service handles the creation, retrieval, and deletion of the binary log encryption keys. A server instance only creates and removes keys generated for itself, but it can read keys generated for other instances if they are stored in the keyring, as in the case of a server instance that has been cloned by file copying.

A A Randomly Generated 256-bit Binary Key Sheet

The binary log encryption keys for a MySQL server instance must be included in your backup and recovery procedures, because if the keys required to decrypt the file passwords for current and retained binary log files or relay log files are lost, it might not be possible to start the server.

The format of binary log encryption keys in the keyring is as follows:

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For example:

{UUID} is the true UUID generated by the MySQL server (the value of the server_uuid system variable). {SEQ_NO}Windows xp media center buy. is the sequence number for the binary log encryption key, which is incremented by 1 for each new key that is generated on the server.

The binary log encryption key that is currently in use on the server is called the binary log master key. The sequence number for the current binary log master key is stored in the keyring. The binary log master key is used to encrypt each new log file's file password, which is a randomly generated 32-byte file password specific to the log file that is used to encrypt the file data. The file password is encrypted using AES-CBC (AES Cipher Block Chaining mode) with the 256-bit binary log encryption key and a random initialization vector (IV), and is stored in the log file's file header. The file data is encrypted using AES-CTR (AES Counter mode) with a 256-bit key generated from the file password and a nonce also generated from the file password. It is technically possible to decrypt an encrypted file offline, if the binary log encryption key used to encrypt the file password is known, by using tools available in the OpenSSL cryptography toolkit.

Openssl Generate 256 Bit Key

If you use file copying to clone a MySQL server instance that has encryption active so its binary log files and relay log files are encrypted, ensure that the keyring is also copied, so that the clone server can read the binary log encryption keys from the source server. When encryption is activated on the clone server (either at startup or subsequently), the clone server recognizes that the binary log encryption keys used with the copied files include the generated UUID of the source server. It automatically generates a new binary log encryption key using its own generated UUID, and uses this to encrypt the file passwords for subsequent binary log files and relay log files. The copied files continue to be read using the source server's keys.